Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System

signifier and Physiology of the Digestive placementIntroduction strain is scientific read of the structures of the soundbox and their relationship with to apiece one(prenominal) other.Physiology is scientific study of the starts of the dead consistence and how their work together as strategys.Anatomy study helps in understanding the human body part structures, and the physiology study helps to know the functions of those parts that help the organism in its action performance.The intimacy on the human physiology and anatomy forms the basis of all medicine. Without knowing how the body is made up, how it can go wrong and how it works, we cannot even picture the impelling treatments. Most functions of the body are not voluntarily controlled, they occur purposely to build, main(prenominal)tain and endure life. Learning physiology and anatomy means that we know the habitual basics of medicine where disease is abnormal structure (anatomy) or function (physiology) of the human s body cells, tissues, muscles and variety meat, and if you understand the normal function and structure it is blue-blooded to realize the source of the problem.This assignment will identify and take in functions of the main components of the digestive carcass identify cell and tissue types identify and describe the urinary system. The resources used to complete this assignment were tutor notes, Creative discipline learners manual, Tucker L. An introductory guide to Anatomy Physiology, free multimedia resources and OpenStax College Anatomy Physiology. Part A(i) Identify the parts of the digestive system on the diagram overleaf.(ii) Explain the function of from each one part of the digestive system identified in the diagram above.(iii) Outline the composition of Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates, and explain how each of them are digested and absorbed by the body.The digestive system are system by which ingested viands is acted upon by physical and chemical means to admit the body with absorbable nutrients and to excrete waste products in animals the system includes the nutritious canal extending from the mouth to the anus, and the hormones and enzymes assisting in digestion. http//www.dictionary.com/Digestion is important for processing solid provender into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. The major functions of the digestive system areIngestionDigestion assimilationDefecation.The organs of the digestive system can be divided in toGastrointestinal portion includes mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.Accessory organs includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver and pancreas(i) Identify the parts of the digestive system on the diagram overleaf.Smooth muscle- lining of the walls of GI tract involuntary contracts and relaxes creating expand like contractions called peristalsis that helps to move food along gastrointestinal tract and helps to mix the substances. Segmentation contractions move Bolus (partialy digested food) in oesophagus. Every cell of the body needs nourishment, but most cells are immobile and their cant plump to source of food. Food and subscribe must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients in the beginning the blood absorbs them and transports them to the cells through the body. The digestive system breaks down nutrients from food and drink into carbohydrates, protein, fats, and vitamins.The functions of digestive system areIngestion- taking food in to gastrointestinal tractPropulsion- moves the substances along gastrointestinal tract (peristalsis segmentation)Digestion is divided into1) Mechanical equipment failure of food (chewing segmentation)2) Chemical crack-up of food by enzymes (very efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions) produced by glands and accessory organs of the digestive systemAbsorption- process when digested food substances pass through walls of some organs of the gastrointestinal tract into bloods tream.Elimination- food substances which cannot be digested and absorbed are excreted as faeces.(ii) Explain the function of each part of the digestive system identified in the diagram above.The gastrointestinal tract is the main system to breakdown and transforms food into microscopic substances that undeniable to maintain body cells and tissues in different areas of the body. 1. The Mouth The first of the activities of the digestive system -ingestion starts when the food is taking into the alimentary canal trough to the mouth. in that location the food is chewed, perpetrateed and grinded by teeth.The TeethThere normally are 32 teeth in adult mouth and there are 4 types of teeth. Each type of the teeth has their own function in the breakdown the food.Incisors- 4 in each jaw, sharp, narrow-edged teeth used for cutting and burryCanines- 2 in each jaw, between incisors and premolars, sharp, pointed teeth used to tear foodPremolars- 4 in each jaw, blunt, broad teeth with cardinal sharp ridges used to chew foodMolars- 6 in each jaw, there are similar but larger than premolars, each has a four sharp ridges used to crash and chew food.The Tongue healthy organ with many taste buds and receptors. Responsible for the tastes sweet, sour, bitter and salt. Tongue moves food from tooth to tooth forming starch with help of saliva.The Salivary Glands There are three pairs salivary gland the parotid gland, submandibular and the sublingual gland. Liquid called saliva is secreted from glands it contains water, mucus and the enzyme- salivary amylase. The function of saliva is to lubricate food with mucus for swallowing. It also acts to confirm the mouth and teeth clean and kill bacteria, because saliva contains lysozyme and antibodies and it starts digestive process on carbohydrates adding saliva to starch. Both types of digestion- mechanical and chemical, starts in the oral cavity.2. The OesophagusOesophagus is hallowing muscular tube that leads from throat to the stomac h. The epiglottis (a small overreach that protects windpipe) prevents from choking. Food moves along oesophagus by peristalsis pushing the bolus preliminary to the stomach. The lining of the oesophagus secretes mucus to ease the passage of food.